To oversimplify, quantum computers process information using qubits, which represent multiple states simultaneously instead of binary computing representing either 1 or 0; this allows them to solve highly complex problems in a short amount of time. While still emerging, quantum computing is being explored as a game changer for PV. Its value lies in rapidly analysing vast, multi-dimensional datasets to identify subtle adverse event patterns faster and more accurately.

With faster, deeper signal detection, quantum machine learning could accelerate discovery of rare safety issues where traditional computers struggle to examine countless combinations of risk factors, concomitant drugs and genetic profiles. By evaluating these variables in parallel, quantum AI could uncover complex signals early, long before they escalate into serious problems.

The most promising capability of quantum computing is its potential to model molecular interactions. Quantum computers may be able to simulate protein-ligand binding at an atomic level with remarkable accuracy, enabling drug discovery and PV teams to anticipate adverse events and optimise drug design upfront. Imagine uploading the molecular structure of a virus to a quantum computer that simulates reactions between vast numbers of medicinal compounds and returns the most viable treatment candidates and their predicted adverse effects. These simulations would not only transform drug discovery but could also inform PV teams during early signal monitoring, enabling a form of prophylactic pharmacovigilance, predicting adverse events before the first patient reports them.

However, quantum’s power comes with risks that PV teams must prepare for. The same power that enables quantum computers to solve complex calculations could break modern encryption quickly, posing a serious risk to data privacy. Quantum systems could enable hackers to forge digital signatures, compromise secure channels and decrypt sensitive data. PV organisations must migrate to quantum-resistant encryption to maintain standards of good governance as innovation accelerates, ensuring patient reports, trial results and safety communications remain secure.

Quantum computing for PV is likely still over five years away, but the foundations are being laid. Leading pharma companies are partnering with quantum tech firms to integrate this technology into drug discovery and safety analytics, while regulators are beginning to discuss standards for quantum-proof data protection. PV professionals must track these developments, as they could lead to faster signal detection, smarter surveillance and safer medicines.

“With computational approaches like this, we have the potential to shorten the preclinical phase of drug discovery by years.”

Igor Stagljar, Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto